NURSING BABY WITH LBW

NURSING BABY WITH LBW

Low birth weight (LBW)

Definition

Low birth weight (LBW) is a new infant birth weight at birth less than 2500 grams or less (WHO, 1961).

In this case can be divided into:

Pure prematurity
Namely bayipada pregnancy <> appropriate weight.

Intra-uterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR)
That is, children born with low weight and not according to gestational age.


Etiology

Causes of premature birth is unknown, but there are some factors related, namely:

Maternal factors
Nutrition during pregnancy is less, age less than 20 years or 35 years diaatas
Distance pregnancy and childbirth are too close, a job that is too heavy
Maternal chronic diseases: hypertension, heart, blood vessel disorders, smokers

Pregnancy factor
Pregnant with hidramnion, multiple pregnancy, antepartum hemorrhage
Complications of pregnancy: preeclampsia / eclampsia, premature rupture of membranes

Fetal factors
Congenital defects, infection in the womb

Factor that is still unknown


Complication

Meconium aspiration syndrome, neonatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, hyaline membrane disease
Dismatur preterm especially when time is less than 35 weeks gestation
Hyperbilirubinemia, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular brain hemorrhage
Hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, hypocalcaemia, anemia, blood clotting disorders
Infection, retrolental fibroplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, malformations konginetal


Management

Adequate resuscitation, temperature control, oxygen therapy
Monitoring of PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
Fluid and electrolyte balance, adequate nutrition
Management of hyperbilirubinemia, infection treatment with appropriate antibiotics.


Nursing Diagnosis Appears

Ineffective breathing pattern b / d of an inadequate lung expansion

Impaired gas exchange b / d of a lack of alveolar ventilation secondary to surfactant deficiency

High risk of balance disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance b / d of the inability of kidney to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

Changes in nutrition less than body requirements related to an inadequate supply of iron, calcium, high metabolism and inadequate intake.



Intervention

Nursing Diagnosis 1:
Ineffective breathing pattern b / d of an inadequate lung expansion

Objectives:
Effective breathing pattern

Criteria Results:

Decreased oxygen demand
Spontaneous breath, inadequate
Not crowded.
No retraction

Intervention

Give your head a bit extensions
Give oxygen by appropriate method
Observations rhythm, depth and frequency of respiratory



Nursing Diagnosis 2:
Impaired gas exchange b / d of a lack of alveolar ventilation secondary to surfactant deficiency

Objectives:
Adequate gas exchange

Criteria:

No cyanosis.
Normal blood gas analysis
Normal oxygen saturation.

Intervention:

Do suction mucus if necessary
Give oxygen by appropriate method
Observation of skin color
Measure oxygen saturation
Observation of signs of worsening respiratory
Report your doctor if there are signs of worsening respiratory
Collaboration in the examination of blood gas analysis
Collaboration in the examination of surfactant



Nursing Diagnosis 3:
High risk of balance disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance b / d of the inability of kidney to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

Objectives:
Good hydration

Criteria:

Elastic skin turgor
No edema
Production of urine 1-2 cc / kg / hour
Blood electrolytes within normal limits

Intervention:

Observation of skin turgor.
Record intake and output
Collaboration in the provision of intra-venous fluids and electrolytes
Collaboration in the examination of blood electrolytes.



Nursing Diagnosis 4:
Changes in nutrition less than body requirements related to an inadequate supply of iron, calcium, high metabolism and inadequate intake

Objectives:
Adequate nutrition

Criteria:

Weight gain 10-30 grams / day
No edema
Protein and albumin blood within normal limits

Intervention:

Give milk / PASI with the right method
Observation and record of tolerance drink
Weigh the body weight every day
Record intake and output
Collaboration in the provision of total parenteral nutrition if necessary.

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